Bipolar disorder involves intense shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. It affects a person’s ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. There are subtle changes that precede a manic or depressive episode, but what are the early warning signs of bipolar episodes?
The Science Behind Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is a complex brain condition associated with extreme fluctuations in mood. While the exact cause is not fully understood, research points to a combination of genetic factors, brain chemistry, and structure.
Imbalances in certain neurotransmitters—chemicals that transmit signals in the brain, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine—contribute to the mood swings seen in the condition. Regions of the brain involved in emotional regulation, decision-making, and impulse control, like the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, may function differently. This can make it challenging for individuals to manage their emotions and behaviors.
Mood Changes
One of the most apparent signs of an impending episode is a noticeable shift in mood. These changes go beyond typical good or bad moods; they persist for days or weeks.
Instances of Mania or Hypomania
Before a manic or hypomanic episode, a person might feel unusually happy, euphoric, or powerful for no clear reason. The elevated mood might seem like a positive change at first, but it can quickly escalate.
Irritability is another common indicator. A person might become easily annoyed, agitated, or prone to arguments over minor issues. The shift from euphoria to anger can be sudden and confusing for both the individual and those around them.
Signs of Depression
Conversely, the lead-up to a depressive episode often involves a pervasive feeling of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness. A person might lose interest in activities they once enjoyed, a symptom known as anhedonia. They may feel worthless or excessively guilty about things that are not their fault. This emotional state is more than just feeling down; it is a heavy cloud that affects every aspect of their life.
Changes in Activity and Energy Levels
Fluctuations in energy are another key indicator of an approaching bipolar episode. These shifts are typically dramatic and greatly affect a person’s daily functioning.
During the onset of a manic or hypomanic phase, an individual might experience a surge of energy. They may feel restless and unable to sit still, taking on multiple new projects at once without finishing any of them. Increased activity commonly comes with a sense of being unstoppable or highly productive, despite scattered and unfocused actions.
In contrast, profound fatigue and lethargy mark the beginning of a depressive episode. Getting out of bed or taking a shower can feel monumental. A person might move and speak more slowly, and their body may feel heavy and drained of all energy.
Disrupted Sleep Patterns
Sleep disturbances are a very common precursor to both manic and depressive episodes. Monitoring sleep patterns can provide valuable clues about an impending mood shift.
Mania and Sleep
A decreased need for sleep is a classic sign of mania. An individual might feel rested and energetic after only a few hours of sleep, or they might stay awake for days without feeling tired.
Depression and Sleep
During a depressive phase, sleep patterns can go one of two ways. Some people experience insomnia, finding it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep. Others may develop hypersomnia, sleeping for much longer periods than usual, and still feeling exhausted upon waking.
Changes in Thinking and Concentration
Leading up to a manic episode, thoughts may begin to race. An individual might talk rapidly, jumping from one topic to another in a way that is difficult for others to follow. They may feel more creative and full of ideas, but they may also have trouble concentrating on a single task. It’s commonly accompanied by inflated self-esteem and grand, unrealistic plans.
Before a depressive episode, thinking may become slow and muddled. It’s difficult to concentrate, make decisions, or remember information. Individuals are likely to ruminate on negative thoughts and have a pessimistic outlook on the future, making it difficult to see solutions to problems.
Changes in Behavior
Behavioral shifts often accompany the other changes leading up to an episode. An individual might start acting in ways that are out of character for them.
In the early stages of mania, a person may make impulsive decisions. This can manifest as reckless spending, risky behavior, or substance abuse. They might also become more social and talkative, engaging with strangers more freely than usual.
Social withdrawal is common as a depressive episode approaches. A person might isolate themselves from friends and family, cancel plans, and spend more time alone. Their interest in personal hygiene and appearance may also decline.
Seeking a Solution
Identifying these early signs is the first step, but taking action is what makes a difference. When you notice these patterns, it is a signal to seek professional support. A psychiatrist who specializes in bipolar disorder can provide a comprehensive evaluation and help you develop a treatment plan. Finding a trustworthy, qualified bipolar disorder specialist is necessary for long-term stability.
Treatment involves a combination of medication and therapeutic approaches. Mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and antipsychotic medications are frequently prescribed to manage the extreme highs and lows.
In addition to medication, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective strategy to help individuals develop coping skills, manage stress, and maintain stable daily routines. Psychiatrists who specialize in treating bipolar disorder will devise a personalized treatment plan that effectively combines medications and CBT.
Take the Next Step Toward Stability
Managing bipolar disorder is a lifelong journey, but it is one you do not have to navigate alone. By learning to recognize the early signs of mood episodes, you can seek help before your symptoms become overwhelming. Remember that proactive management is key to living a balanced and fulfilling life.
At Envision Mindcare, our compassionate team creates individualized plans that address each patient’s unique experiences and guide them toward lasting well-being. If you are ready to take control of your mental health, we are here to support you. Contact Envision Mindcare today to take the first step toward a more stable future.